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第 7 课：Selenium 入门——Web UI 自动化
一、安装
bash
pip install selenium webdriver-manager二、打开浏览器
python
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")
driver.quit()三、8 大元素定位
| 方法 | 例子 | 优先级 |
|---|---|---|
| By.ID | find_element(By.ID, "username") | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| By.CSS_SELECTOR | find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#username") | ⭐⭐ |
| By.XPATH | find_element(By.XPATH, "//input[@type='text']") | ⭐ |
| By.NAME | find_element(By.NAME, "password") | ⭐⭐ |
| By.CLASS_NAME | find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, "btn") | ⭐⭐ |
| By.LINK_TEXT | find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, "登录") | ⭐ |
四、常用操作
python
# 输入
element.send_keys("文本内容")
# 点击
element.click()
# 获取文本
element.text
# 获取属性
element.get_attribute("value")五、显式等待（永远不要用 time.sleep）
python
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.ID, "login-btn"))
)
element.click()六、完整示例
python
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")
search = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.ID, "kw"))
)
search.send_keys("测试开发")
driver.find_element(By.ID, "su").click()